24 februarie: Dragobetele, sărbătoarea iubirii. Care este legenda din spatele acestei sărbători

Dragobetele, sărbătoarea dragostei la români, îşi are rădăcinile în tradiţiile dace şi în credinţa într-un fel de zeu al iubirii, a cărui cinstire, pe 24 februarie, marca simbolic şi începutul primăverii.
Dragobete, fiul Dochiei, era zeul dragostei şi al bunei dispoziţii. I se mai spunea Cap de Primăvară sau Cap de Vară şi era identificat cu Cupidon, zeul iubirii în mitologia romană, şi cu Eros, corespondentul acestuia în mitologia greacă.
Un alt nume al său era Năvalnicul, fiind perceput ca un fecior frumos şi iubăreţ nevoie mare, care le face pe tinerele fete să-şi piardă minţile.
O altă tradiţie spune că Dragobetele a fost transformat într-o buruiană numită năvalnic de Maica Precista, după ce nesăbuitul a îndrăznit să îi încurce şi ei cărările.
În lumea satului românesc, până la jumătatea secolului al XX-lea, Dragobete era sărbătorit pe 24 şi 28 februarie sau pe 1 şi 25 martie, potrivit cercetătorului Ion Ghinoiu, autorul volumului „Zile şi mituri”.
Probabil că, în vechime, 24 februarie însemna începutul primăverii, ziua când natura se trezeşte, ursul iese din bârlog, păsările îşi caută cuiburi, iar omul trebuia să participe şi el la bucuria naturii.
În ziua respectivă, semnalul era dat de păsările nemigratoare, care se strângeau în stoluri, ciripeau, se împerecheau şi începeau să-şi construiască cuiburile.
Despre „păsările” neînsoţite la Dragobete ştia toată lumea că rămân singure şi fără pui până în aceeaşi zi a anului viitor.
După modelul zburătoarelor, fetele şi băieţii se întâlneau să sărbătorească Dragobetele, pentru a rămâne îndrăgostiţi pe parcursul întregului an. Dacă timpul era favorabil, îmbrăcaţi de sărbătoare, fetele şi flăcăii se întâlneau în faţa bisericii şi plecau să caute prin păduri şi lunci flori de primăvară.
În sudul României (Mehedinţi), fata se întorcea în sat alergând, obicei numit „zburătorit”, urmărită de câte un băiat căruia îi căzuse dragă. Dacă băiatul era iute de picior şi o ajungea, iar fata îl plăcea, îl săruta în văzul tuturor. Sărutul acesta semnifica logodna celor doi pentru un an sau chiar pentru mai mult, Dragobetele fiind un prilej pentru comunitate pentru a afla ce nunţi se mai pregătesc pentru toamnă.
Din zăpada netopită fetele strângeau de cu seara ultimile rămăşiţe – zăpada zânelor -, iar apa topită din omăt era folosită pe parcursul anului pentru înfrumuseţare şi pentru diferite descântece de dragoste.
Nici oamenii mai în vârstă nu stăteau degeaba, ziua Dragobetelui fiind cea în care urmau să aibă grijă de toate orătăniile din ogradă, dar şi de păsările cerului. În această zi nu se sacrificau animale pentru că astfel s-ar fi stricat rostul împerecherilor.
În această zi, satele româneşti răsunau de veselia tinerilor şi de zicala: „Dragobetele sărută fetele”. Sunt multe credinţele populare cu referire la Dragobete. Astfel se spunea că cine participă la această sărbătoare avea să fie ferit de bolile anului, mai ales de febră, şi că Dragobetele îi ajută pe gospodari să aibă un an îmbelşugat.

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